| Introduction and Brief History of
| |
| | waves to study the ionosphere. From 1946
|
| SatellitesA satellite is any object that
| |
| | to 1952, upper-atmosphere research was
|
| orbits another object (which is known as
| |
| | conducted using V-2s and Aerobee rockets.
|
| its primary). All masses that are part of
| |
| | This allowed measurements of atmospheric
|
| the solar system, including the Earth,
| |
| | pressure, density, and temperature up to
|
| are satellites either of the Sun, or
| |
| | 200 km. The U.S. had been considering
|
| satellites of those objects, such as the
| |
| | launching orbital satellites since 1945
|
| Moon. It is not always a simple matter to
| |
| | under the Bureau of Aeronautics of the
|
| decide which is the 'satellite' in a pair
| |
| | United States Navy. The Air Force's
|
| of bodies. Because all objects exert
| |
| | Project RAND eventually released the
|
| gravity, the motion of the primary object
| |
| | above report, but did not believe that
|
| is also affected by the satellite. If two
| |
| | the satellite was a potential military
|
| objects are ufficiently similar in mass,
| |
| | weapon; rather they considered it to be a
|
| they are generally referred to as a
| |
| | tool for science, politics, and
|
| binary system rather than a primary
| |
| | propaganda. Following pressure by the
|
| object and satellite. The general
| |
| | American Rocket Society, the National
|
| criterion for an object to be a satellite
| |
| | Science Foundation, and the International
|
| is that the center of mass of the two
| |
| | Geophysical Year, military interest
|
| objects is inside the primary object. In
| |
| | picked up and in early 1955 the Air Force
|
| popular usage, the term 'satellite'
| |
| | and Navy were working on Project Orbiter,
|
| normally refers to an artificial
| |
| | which involved using a Jupiter C rocket
|
| satellite (a man-made object that orbits
| |
| | to launch a small satellite called
|
| the Earth or another body).In May, 1946,
| |
| | Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958.On July
|
| the Preliminary Design of an Experimental
| |
| | 29, 1955, the White House announced that
|
| World-Circling Spaceship stated, "A
| |
| | the U.S. intended to launch satellites by
|
| satellite vehicle with appropriate
| |
| | the spring of 1958. This became known as
|
| instrumentation can be expected to be one
| |
| | Project Vanguard. On July 31, the Soviets
|
| of the most potent scientific tools of
| |
| | announced that they intended to launch a
|
| the Twentieth Century. The achievement of
| |
| | satellite by the fall of 1957 and on
|
| a satellite craft would produce
| |
| | October 4, 1957 Sputnik I was launched
|
| repercussions comparable to the explosion
| |
| | into orbit, which triggered the Space
|
| of the atomic bomb..."The space age began
| |
| | Race between the two nations.The largest
|
| in 1946, as scientists began using
| |
| | artificial satellite currently orbiting
|
| captured German V-2 rockets to make
| |
| | the earth is the International Space
|
| measurements in the upper atmosphere.
| |
| | Station, which can sometimes be seen with
|
| Before this period, scientists used
| |
| | the unaided human eye.
|
| balloons that went up to 30 km and radio
| |
| |
|
